What Are Varicose Veins?

Varicose veins are enlarged, twisted veins that appear swollen and raised above the skin's surface, most commonly on the legs and thighs. They typically look blue, purple, or dark red and can range from small, barely noticeable veins to large, bulging veins that cause significant discomfort.

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Varicose veins develop when the valves inside your veins weaken or fail. Healthy veins have one-way valves that keep blood flowing toward your heart. When these valves malfunction, blood pools in the vein, causing it to swell, stretch, and twist. Over time, this leads to the visible, ropy appearance of varicose veins.

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What Causes Varicose Veins?

Several factors can contribute to the development of varicose veins:

• Genetics: If your parents or grandparents had varicose veins, you're at a higher risk

• Age: Vein valves naturally weaken with age, making varicose veins more common after 40

• Gender: Women are more likely to develop varicose veins due to hormonal changes (pregnancy, menopause, birth control)

• Pregnancy: Increased blood volume and hormonal changes during pregnancy put extra pressure on leg veins

• Prolonged standing or sitting: Jobs that require long periods on your feet or sitting increase pressure on leg veins

• Obesity: Excess weight puts additional pressure on your veins

• Lack of movement: A Sedentary lifestyle reduces circulation and vein health

• Previous blood clots or vein damage: Past vein injuries can lead to valve dysfunction

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Common Symptoms of Varicose Veins

Varicose veins aren't just a cosmetic concern—they can cause significant physical discomfort:

• Visible, bulging, twisted veins on legs or thighs

• Aching, throbbing, or heavy feeling in the legs (especially after standing)

• Burning or tingling sensations in the lower legs 

• Muscle cramping, particularly at night

• Swelling in the ankles, feet, or lower legs

• Skin discoloration or darkening around the ankles

• Dry, itchy, or thin skin over the varicose veins

• Restless legs that interfere with sleep

• In severe cases: skin ulcers, bleeding, or blood clots

If you're experiencing any of these symptoms, it's important to seek professional evaluation. Left untreated, varicose veins can worsen over time and lead to more serious complications.